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ISSUE FOUR SUMMER 2019 £3.99 the right to rule Money, imageandpower in Tudorand Stuart England MODERNRARITY THE INSIDE STORYOF THEKEWGARDENS 50p p01CCMCover.indd 1 25/03/2019 14:14 Subscribe, buy single issues, and read more coin guides at 43 HISTORY SCOTLAND - MAY / JUNE 2019 debateon the issues surrounding thehighlands.Grant’saimwas comprehensiveeconomicdevelopment andhewasunsentimentalon the effectsof industrialisationor the buildingof roadsona romanticised landscape.Grantchidedhis friend RamsayMacdonald,whowashighly susceptible to romanticviewsof the highlands, for being worried about the effect on the scenery of the building of a road through Glen Coe and the likelihood of it bringing more tourists to the area.Grant saw this as a good thing. In thepost-1945periodoneof themajorchanges in thehighland landscapewas thedevelopmentof hydro-electric schemesbyapublic body, theNorthofScotlandHydro ElectricBoard.Theharnessingof thewater resourcesof the region had its roots inprivate schemes in the inter-warperiod,especially in connectionwith theproductionof aluminium.Therehadbeenpre-war schemesatFoyersonLoch-ness side andatKinlochleven,but themajor project in the inter-warperiodwas theconstructionofanew smelter hydro schemesand theconstructionof acarbide factory inFortWilliam. The highlands and Scottish culture Partof the reason for thiselement of thedebateabouteconomic development in thehighlands stemmed from the fact that the region retained aplace in theScottish imagination in away that,say, industrialLanarkshire or ruralAberdeenshiredidnot.This wasevident in the inter-warperiod asa resultof thecontinuingeffectof long-establishedcultural sourcesof romanticviewsof the region.There were,however, in the1920sand1930s a seriesofnew literarymovements that affected thispointofview. The leadingnovelistof theScottish literary renaissance,NeilM.Gunn, was fromcrofter- shing stock in Caithnessand thehistoryof the communitiesaround theMorayFirth guredprominently inhiswriting. Hisbreakthroughnovel, MorningTide (1931),dealtwithemigrationand thedif cultiesof the shing industry. Healsodealtwith thehistoryof the highlands innovels suchas Butcher’s Broom (1934),whichbrought the Sutherlandclearancesof theearly19th century toamuchwideraudience thananyotherpieceofwriting in the inter-warperiod.Hewould return to theeffectsof theclearancesand their aftermath inhismost famousnovel, TheSilverDarlings( 1942).Gunnwas no romanticand,althoughhewas active innationalistpolitics,hisvision wasan intenselypracticalone.This atFortWilliam.Thisprovidedhuge employment toa townwith few opportunitiesand to thewidercrofting regionofLochaber. Theproject involvedmassive civil-engineeringworks toprovide the water todrive the turbinesat thenew smelterat the footofBenNevis.This included theconstructionofa fteen- mile-long tunnel fromLochTreig, the levelofwhichhadbeen raisedby the constructionofan innovatory rock- lleddam.The schemealso involved theconstructionof socialhousingat Inverlochy for the smelterworkforce. Thisprojectandothersexposed the debateabout thehighlands inan interestingway. Therewasan increasingbody ofpublicopinion,mostly located outside thehighlands,whowere concernedabout theeffectof changeson the landscape,and activists,suchasDrGrant,who werepuzzledby the tolerationof povertyandunderdevelopment for ostensiblyaesthetic reasons.These discussionsalsocoloured the debateover theabortive Caledonianpower scheme,whichwould have seen further THE INTER-WAR HIGHLANDS If the 1920s had been the decade of the emigrant, the 1930s were the years when the international movement of people was at its most sluggish Rail accident at Quintinshill, 22 May 1915, one of several national tragedies that exacerbated the sorrowWorldWar I had brought to communities around the country p40MAINCameronHighlands.indd 43 03/04/2019 10:55 29 HISTORY SCOTLAND - MAY / JUNE 2019 to be published by Foulis, was now without a publisher, but was later published by himself from Montrose where he was now employed as a journalist on the Montrose Review . Little magazines and the Scots language question Grieve had made a modest but reasonably successful start with his postwar aim to revitalise Scottish writing and to bring his own name forward in that respect.The political climate in the early 1920s seemed hospitable to ideas of national renewal with the formation of the Scottish Home Rule Association taking up again the question of home rule abandoned on the outbreak of war in 1914 and the labour party in Scotland giving their support to the policy that had previously been taken forward by the now defeated liberals.Yet more was needed if any long-term cultural as well as political renewal was to take place: some kind of forum or market-place where forward- looking ideas could be exchanged and where new creative writing could be presented. As so often in his career, Grieve took the matter into his own hands. In May 1922 he wrot to the Glasgow Herald advertising his intention to publish a new monthly agazin under his own edit rship to be called The Scottish Chapb ok , giving its aims and intended readership and asking for supporters to contact him. Suffici nt interested subscribers r sponded to this call for help, inclu ing the writers Neil Gunn, He n Cruickshank and William Soutar, w o lso became contributors and later well-known names in the resulting literary revival.With its red cover, lion rampant cover image, and motto proclaiming ‘NotTra ition – Precedents’, The Scottish Chapbook was lau ch d in August 1922, thus becoming p rt of that memorable year of the publication of James Joyce’s Ulysses in February by Sylvia Beach in Paris, T.S. Eliot’s TheWaste Land in the American magazine The Dial in November, and the launch of the Criterion under Eliot’s editorship in London in November. Its specific aims included: ‘to encourage and publish the work of contemporary Scottish poets and dramatists, whether in English, Gaelic or Braid Scots’; ‘to insist upon truer evaluations of the work of Scottish writers than are usually given in the present over-Anglicised condition of British journalism, and, in criticism, elucidate, apply, and develop the distinctively Scottish range of values’. Importantly, it sought also ‘to bring Scottish Literature into closer touch with current European tendencies in technique and ideation’. In this new movement nationalism a d internationalism would be two sides of the one coin. Despite the 1922 Chapbook ’s inclusion of this aim to encourage writing in all three of Scotland’s languages, initially this was not easy to achieve. Scots as a spoken and especially literary language had declined as a result of the Anglicising effect of the 1707 HughMacDiarmid memorialnearLangholm, portrayinga largebook with images fromhiswork, anoutputwhichwould lead to thebirthof the interwar literarymovement knownas theScottish renaissance Despite the 1922 Chapbook’s inclusion of this aim to encourage writing in all three of Scotland’s languages, initially this was not easy to achieve LITERATURE BETWEEN THE WORLD WARS p28MAIN Literature.indd 29 03/04/2019 10:46 al COIN COLLECTOR ‘ NEW! 10p, 50p & £2 SCARCITY REPORT WIN EVERY A-Z 10p COIN!•BANKNOTES•LATEST PRICES ISSUE SIX WINTER 2019 £3.99 DISCOVER USA ‘HARD TIMES’ TOKENS YOUR GUIDE TO PROVENANCE MARKS £3.99 allaboutcoins.co.uk 772631 755000 9 06> IN-DEPTH COLLECTING GUIDES EXPERT INSIGHT In pursuit of perfection The making of Britain’s classic 1818 Crown Fifty years of the 50p: the coins to look out for The remarkable Chew Valley hoard examined Opinion: rarity doesn’t have to cost thousands Portrait m edals expla ined p01CCMCover.indd 1 26/09/2019 09:39